Button Telephone

The History Of Telephones

Before the speech interspersed by electrical signals, there were more or less successful attempts for non-telephony. Samuel Moreland introduced in 1670 in London, attempts to transmit voice with instruments that looked like a trumpet. The idea was picked up about 100 years later by Johann Heinrich Lambert again. 1783 was published anonymously in Paris] is a prospectus under the heading About the propagation of sound and voice in tubes [.... This funding should be raised on a large scale. The project did not stop at an estimated distance of 4 km and because of the associated high susceptibility to wear. In the 19th Century were used then for a long time speaking pipes in the steam navigation.

The history of the phone starts in 1837 when the American, Samuel Finley Morse, the Morse telegraph constructed. Thus the important precondition for the phone to the transmission of signals through electrical lines has already been put into practice. In 1854 the Paris telegraph Bourseul Charles (1829-1912) presented a paper on possible techniques of electrical speech transmission. This was followed by practical developments in principle, functioning telephones, among others, Innocenzo Manzetti, Antonio Meucci, Tivadar Puskas, Philipp Reis, Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell. From these early inventors had only Bell's organizational skills, the phone using the laboratory experimental apparatus as a whole also bring to market. Thus, Bell brought in 1876 in Boston, the first phone to practical application, see also: the invention of the telephone.

Bell device consisted of a transducer, which was used alternately as a microphone and as Fernhörer. It had a flexible metal diaphragm, a bar magnet and a coil of wire surrounding the magnet. The output from discussing varying degrees of sound waves enabled the membrane to vibrate. The modified magnetic flux were induced in the coil by electrical currents. In this way, the converted sound waves into electrical signals were transmitted via a wire connection to the receiver telephone. In the converter is now the reverse process took place. The incoming modulated current produced a variable magnetic field, which enabled the membrane to vibrate, thus re-created sound waves.

With devices of this type were on 26 October 1877 in Berlin under the direction of Postmaster General Heinrich von Stephan Telegraph and General Director Budde successful transmission experiments on initially a 6 km, then 26 km and last 61 km performed. Stephen leaves after these first attempts of the other Bell phones Siemens & Halske make. These events mark the beginning of the deployable telephony in Germany.

With the invention of the carbon microphone in 1878 by David Edward Hughes, in conjunction with the improvement of the listener by Werner von Siemens, a substantially pure transfer and therefore a talk over long distances was possible (demonstration at the International Electrical Exhibition 1883).

For the construction of telephone connections was initially known as manual switching by the "lady employed by the Office" () see Klingelfee.

To give the user the opportunity to build its own connection (IDD), which began Almon Strowger in 1888 with the development of an automatic telephone switching system. On 10 Almon Strowger patented in March 1891, the work was actually undertaker, this switching system (Automatic Telephone Exchange) under the U.S. patent no. 447.918 [2]. Lore has it that Strowger to the development of an automatic switching system was proposed, because it took away a competing funeral homes in cooperation with the local “Lady of the Office”, the incoming customer orders. With this system were on the phone for the ones, tens and hundreds of phone number to be chosen depending on a button mounted to the point had to be correspondingly depressed often. The operation was tedious and prone to error and the corresponding installation costs high, as each key was connected to a separate line with the exchange.

More Selbstwahleinrichtungen for the phone followed, as on 11 January 1898 by AE Keith and the brothers John and Charles J. Erickson, the staff of the Strowger Automatic Telephone Exchange Company was, under the U.S. patent no. 597.062  Strowger patented finger-wheel dial sub station. Through this device, the number of cable wires to transmit information, the choice has been reduced to two.

On 29 April 1913 patented Siemens & Halske the phones for long periods in ordinary number switches, working in accordance with the pulse dialing. The use of point switches in telephones is at least documented in Germany for the year 1908, and in the USA from 1907th

1955 was developed by Bell Telephone Laboratories, the DTMF (DTMF). This kind of selection buttons on today is the most commonly used for analog phones.

With modern electronics and computer technology, it was the electromechanical elements with semiconductor components are replaced with the substantial downsizing of the equipment and the equipment more and more additional functions and allowed both to simplify the operation as well as other potential uses – for example, the acoustic zone monitoring offer -.

For example, while the call signaling initially accompanied by an electromechanical alarm clock, it is now replaced by an electronic, mostly adjustable beep. Additional features include call forwarding of incoming and outgoing calls, number memory (phonebook, text message or direct), call forwarding, conference calling, call history, and speakerphone. In addition, the phone itself is now sometimes referred to as entity with other devices such as voice mail (usually combined with remote) and fax machine.

Besides its primary function, along with the phone for voice communication of the necessary transmission and switching technology is an integral part of a worldwide communications network that can be transmitted via the addition of language information of any kind.

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